In the 1997 edition of LLLI's Breastfeeding Answer Book, on page 55, in the
chapter on positioning/latch-on:
'If the baby doesn't open his mouth, or doesn't open it wide enough, the
mother can open the baby's mouth wider by gently but firmly pulling down on
the baby's chin with the index finger of the hand supporting the breast...
If the mother has a helper, suggest the helper pull down on the baby's chin
as the mother is latching him on.'

And on page 64, same chapter:
'...If the baby has received artificial nipples, he may be reluctant to open
wide.  In this case, suggest the mother pull down gently on the baby's chin
as he is opening his mouth and clearly say the word 'open' as she is
latching him on.'

No reference is given in the text for this specific piece of advice.

I haven't looked at any other sources myself.  I have occasionally used this
technique, never continuing if I meet true resistance from the baby.
Gently, gently, gently!

Rachel Myr
Kristiansand, Norway where the sun is out today, while I am in.

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