> It seems to me that many think from the point of view of equipment and methods to the bees instead of from the bees to the equipment and methods. I'm in complete agreement. *Apis mellifera *has had hundreds of thousands of years of trial and error to figure out how to survive and thrive. For better honey crops, we modify the cavity to allow for larger colony size and greater honey storage. That changes the thermodynamics, but not necessarily bee behavior. So it's up to us to adjust to the biology and behavior of the bees, rather than the other way around. Randy Oliver Grass Valley, CA 530 277 4450 ScientificBeekeeping.com *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html