This reminds me of a 20 year plus ongoing breast cancer study of hundreds of nurses that ended up stating that fat intake had no effect whatsoever on the nurses' developing future breast cancer. But the researchers did not track who was eating saturated, monosaturated or polyunsaturared fats. The ratio of cis fats versus trans fats were therefore not monitored or even mentioned. Of what good was this study then? I recently posted the following and no one on the list commented: Jean Carper, health jouralist's article previous Sunday, March 4 USA Today had this article regarding dangers of trans fats (hydrogenated fats): Article, "From the Fat Front," also quotes soy and trans fat researcher Mary G Enig Phd. "...research shows trans fatty acid promotes heart disease cancer, diabetes, immune dysfunction, obesity and reproductive problems." Article states: Reproductive Problems "Pregnant and lacting women really should cut down on trans fats. Recent research shows pregnant women with the highest levels of a common trans fat had 7 times the risk of pre-eclampsia, the complication of pregnancy characterized by edema and high blood pressure. High trans fats also may harm fetal and infant development. Mothers hwo eat trans fats pass them on to infants during breast feeding. Infants feasting on trans fats may have diminished visual acuity and brain development." The stiff (and later clogged) arteries of the Lucas paper may be an indicator of starting infants on "biscuits" [cookies] in England, as their society as a whole lives on them--the hydrogenated type--at tea times and before bed. At least that is what I was offered every time I visited an English family, while staying with my American widowed brother the last few years, which was at least twice a year. If author Enig is right, then breastfeeding mothers who consume gobs of these hydrogenated fats are producing a disproportionate amount of trans fatty acid in their own human milk, plus introducing a modern day rather than an historical fat into their babies diets, rather than jarred baby vegetables or meats or food from their own dinner tables. The parents of young children I visited never ate with their young ones, but served them "something" (I never saw what) and put them to bed so that mother and father could have a real dinner together alone (their time), undisturbed every evening. When we (the invited guests) appeared, we were told the children had been fed and been put to bed. But the roast or whatever being served to us had not even been ready for the children to have had a foretaste of the dinner. British culture here, as these were college educated, professional parents, children of professionals, whose own mother (the paternal grandma) was a high school home economics teacher and father a college professor. This was the pattern of my late sister-in-law's family and the way she and her siblings were raised. It has gone on for generations there. Judy Ritchie *********************************************** The LACTNET mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software together with L-Soft's LSMTP(TM) mailer for lightning fast mail delivery. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html