I've been reading this thread with interest, hoping someone would mention something that concerns me about the suggestion of fortifying the EBM. My concern is, to quote from 'Breastfeeding and Human Lactation' (Riordan/Auerbach) p. 542 "the issue of a potentially destructive autoimmune response in an infant who already has an increased risk of developing diabetes (American Academy of Pediatrics)." Babies of diabetic mothers are at increased risk of developing diabetes themselves, and cow's milk proteins have been implicated - babies fed ABM develop Type I diabetes (as teenagers) at a much higher rate. So I'm just hoping the HCP's in this case are aware of this risk as they look for ways to increase caloric intake. There have been a lot of good suggestions in recent posts on ways to use bf techniques and/or mother's own expressed milk to achieve this. - Marcia McCoy who can't seem to resist posting despite always cringing afterwards at the things she's misstated (as in, That's not what I meant!). I just find it hard to communicate well without the help of vocal inflection. *********************************************** The LACTNET mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software together with L-Soft's LSMTP(TM) mailer for lightning fast mail delivery. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html