Might this study actually reflect poorer MER in smokers?  Lower fat
content means that the breasts were not adequately emptied....

Hopkinson JM, Schanler RJ, Fraley JK, Garza C. (1992) Milk
Production by Mothers of Premature Infants: Influence of Cigarette
Smoking. Pediatrics Vol. 90 No.6; 934-38.

In this study milk volumes were less for the smoking group over
controls, total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, lactose, calcium and
phosphorus were similar in both groups but fat concentrations were
lower in the milk from mothers who smoked. The researches suggest
that ..."Reduced milk volume and fat concentrations may explain the
reported early weaning of breast-fed infants by women who smoke
cigarettes".


--
Catherine Watson Genna, IBCLC  New York City  mailto:[log in to unmask]

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