Hello, my name is Kristen Jeffrey.  I am a junior nursing student at the 
University of North Dakota.  A topic of interest to me is the possible 
negative effects of pacifier use and duration of breastfeeding .  A study 
done by Howard, Howard, Lanphear, Eberly, deBlieck, Oakes, Lawerence (2003) 
examined the effect of pacifier use and the duration of breastfeeding.  
Pacifier use in the neonatal period was found to be detrimental to 
exclusive and overall breastfeeding.  These findings support 
recommendations to avoid exposing breastfed infants to artificial nipples 
in the neonatal period. Ullah,Griffiths (2003) researched pacifier use and 
its effects on shortened breasstfeeding duration in infants. The mean 
breastfeeding duration in children who were given pacifiers before 6 weeks 
of age was 165.8 days compared to 196.0 days for children who had a 
pacifier introduced later or never.  Nelson, Ly-Mee, Williams (2005) also 
performed a study to examine the effects of breastfeeding and pacifier 
use.  They concluded that pacifier use in the neonatal period was 
negatively associated with breastfeeding, and there was evidence of a dose-
respone effect in relation to exclusivity of breastfeeding and frequency of 
pacifier use.

The question is as follows:
What are you telling patients about giving a pacifier to thier infant? 
Thank you in advance for nay information, it is greatly appreciated.

Kristen Jeffrey, SN
University of North Dakota

References:

Howard C., Howard F., Lanphear B., deBlieck E., Eberly S., Lawerence R., 
(2003). randomized CLinical Trail of Pacifier Use and Bottle-Feeding or 
Cupfeeding and Their Effects on Breastfeeding.  Pediatrics, 111(3)pp. 511-
518.
Nelson E.,Ly-Mee Y., Williams S., (2005) International Child Care Practices 
Study: Breastfeeding and Pacifier Use.  Journal of Human Lactation, 21(3). 
pp.289-295.
Ullah S., Griffiths P.,(2003). Does the use of Pacifiers Shorten 
Breastfeeding duraiton in Infants? British Journal of Community Nursing, 8
(10) 458-463.

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