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"Donner party, your table is ready!"
Robin Williams as Patch Adams.
On May 2, 2013, at 5:48 PM, Glen Moore wrote:
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Ruined my breakfast....
-----Original Message-----
From: Informal Science Education Network [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Martin Weiss
Sent: Friday, 3 May 2013 2:41 AM
To: [log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: The Jamestown Winter of Starvation
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I think there have been more modern instances of survival cannibalism e.g.
amongst WWII shipwreck survivors. See, for example the is from Wikipedia
Martin
Many instances of cannibalism by necessity were recorded during World War
II. For example, during the 872-day Siege of
Leningrad<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad>,
reports of cannibalism began to appear in the winter of 1941-1942, after
all birds, rats and pets were eaten by survivors. Leningrad police even
formed a special division to combat
cannibalism.[83]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibalism#cite_note-83>
[84] <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibalism#cite_note-84> Following the
Soviet victory at
Stalingrad<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad> it
was found that some German soldiers in the besieged city, cut off from
supplies, resorted to
cannibalism.[85]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibalism#cite_note-85>
Later, following the German surrender in January 1943, roughly 100,000
German soldiers were taken prisoner of
war<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner_of_war> (POW).
Almost all of them were sent to POW camps in
Siberia<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia> or
Central Asia where, due to being chronically underfed by their Soviet
captors, many resorted to cannibalism. Fewer than 5,000 of the prisoners
taken at Stalingrad survived captivity. The majority, however, died early
in their imprisonment due to exposure or sickness brought on by conditions
in the surrounded army before the
surrender.[86]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibalism#cite_note-86>
The Australian War Crimes Section of the Tokyo
tribunal<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_tribunal>,
led by prosecutor William
Webb<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Webb_(judge)> (the
future Judge-in-Chief), collected numerous written reports and testimonies
that documented Japanese soldiers' acts of cannibalism among their own
troops, on enemy dead, and on Allied prisoners of war in many parts of
the Greater
East Asia Co-Prosperity
Sphere<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere>.
In September 1942, Japanese daily rations on New Guinea consisted of
800 grams of rice and tinned meat. However, by December, this had fallen to
50 grams.[87]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibalism#cite_note-happell-87>
:78-80According to historian Yuki Tanaka, "cannibalism was often a
systematic activity conducted by whole squads and under the command of
officers".[88] <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibalism#cite_note-88>
In some cases, flesh was cut from living people. An Indian POW, Lance
Naik<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lance_Naik> Hatam
Ali (later a citizen of Pakistan), testified that in New Guinea: "the
Japanese started selecting prisoners and every day one prisoner was taken
out and killed and eaten by the soldiers. I personally saw this happen and
about 100 prisoners were eaten at this place by the Japanese. The remainder
of us were taken to another spot 50 miles (80 kilometres) away where 10
prisoners died of sickness. At this place, the Japanese again started
selecting prisoners to eat. Those selected were taken to a hut where their
flesh was cut from their bodies while they were alive and they were thrown
into a ditch where they later
died."[89]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibalism#cite_note-89>
Another well-documented case occurred in
Chichijima<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichijima> in
February 1945, when Japanese soldiers killed and consumed five American
airmen. This case was investigated in 1947 in a war crimes trial, and of 30
Japanese soldiers prosecuted, five (Maj. Matoba, Gen. Tachibana, Adm. Mori,
Capt. Yoshii, and Dr. Teraki) were found guilty and
hanged.[90]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibalism#cite_note-90> In
his book *Flyboys: A True Story of
Courage<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyboys:_A_True_Story_of_Courage>
*,James Bradley <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bradley_(author)> details
several instances of cannibalism of World War II Allied prisoners by their
Japanese captors.[91]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibalism#cite_note-Bradley-91>
The
author claims that this included not only ritual cannibalization of the
livers of freshly killed prisoners, but also the
cannibalization-for-sustenance of living prisoners over the course of
several days, amputating limbs only as needed to keep the meat
fresh.[92]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibalism#cite_note-92>
--
-----------------------------------------
Martin Weiss, PhD
Senior Scientist
New York Hall of Science
mweiss at nyscience.org<http://nyscience.org>
cell 347-460-1858
desk 718 595 9516
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