> My question is how long does it take for an escaped swarm to be considered
"feral"? 


In the US, we unfortunately suffer under a paucity of contemporary non-AHB
research on feral colonies. Most has been completed at the direction of Dr.
Margarita López-Uribe, first at NC State and now at Penn State.

 

Alison McAfee has a good article in the May 2021 ABJ (attached) that gives a
brief outline of some of her team’s recent work in Pennsylvania.

 

As a function of their work they defined feral as, ‘… an established swarm
that already survived one or more winters without intervention prior to the
study.’


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